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====== net= attribute mini-HOWTO ======
by: Ales Hvezda

This document is released under [[http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html|GFDL]]

October 2nd, 2003

The information in this document is current as of 19991011.

===== What is the net= attribute used for? =====
The **''net=''** attribute is used to specify power, ground, and/or arbitrary nets in the gEDA system.\\
The **''net=''** attribute is used instead some of the other systems of specifying power/ground (such as having power/ground pins on symbols or power boxes). Some devices have lots of power/ground pins and having all of these pins on the symbol would increase its size and make it unmanageable. The **''net=''** attribute is the power/ground specification of choice in the gEDA system because of its simplicity and versatility.
Now having said all this, you can have power/ground pins on a symbol, but gnetlist will probably not recognize these nets connected to these pins as separate power/ground nets. Please keep this in mind as you draw symbols.

===== What is the format of the net= attribute? =====
Attributes in gEDA are simple text items which are in the form ''name=value''. All proper attributes follow this form. Attribute names are always lower case, but the value can be upper or lower case. gnetlist and friends are case sensitive. Typically net/signal names by default are upper case.\\
Attribute can be attached to an object or in certain cases (like the **''net=''** attribute) can be free floating (not attached to anything). The free floating attributes
are also called toplevel attributes.\\
The **''net=''** attribute is a text item which takes on the following form:
<code>net=signalname:pinname,pinname,pinname,...</code>

where:
| **''net=''** | The attribute name (always the same, lowercase) |
| signalname | The signal or net being defines (like +5V, GND, etc...) |
| pinname | The pin name (or number) which is assigned to this signal/net (or pin names/numbers) |

The signalname cannot contain the ":" character (since it is a delimiter). The pinname is the pin name (A1, P2, D1, etc...) or pin number (1, 2, 5, 13, etc...). The pinname cannot contain the "," character (since it is also a delimiter). pinnames are typically the same sort of numbers/names like the ''pin#=#'' attribute (if you are familiar with that attribute).\\
You can only have ONE signalname per **''net=''** attribute, but you can have as many pinnames/numbers as you want.

===== How do you actually use the net= attribute? =====
You can place the **''net=''** attribute in several places. Here's the list so far:
  * Inside a symbol either as an attached attribute or an unattached attribute (toplevel attribute). Example which creates power/gnd nets: **''net=GND:7''** or **''net=+5V:14''**
  * Outside a symbol (which is instantiated on a schematic) attached as an attribute to override an existing **''net=''** created net/signal. Suppose a symbol has a **''net=GND:7''** inside it already; attaching this to the symbol: **''net=AGND:7''** overrides the GND net (on pin 7) calling it AGND and connects/associates it to pin 7.
  * Outside or inside a symbol to connect a net to a visible pin automatically. This is still untested and still might have some undesirable (negative) side effects. Use with caution.
  * Attached to one of those special power/gnd symbol (like vcc/gnd/vdd) and you can change what that symbol represents. You could change the ground symbol to create a net called DIGITAL GND without editing the symbol (**''net=DIGITAL_GND:1''**).\\ In the current symbol (19991011) library there are symbols named **vdd-1.sym**, **vcc-1.sym**, **vee-1.sym**, etc... which do not have a **''net=''** attribute inside, so you must attach the **''net=''** attribute yourself (in the schematic).\\ There also symbols named 5V-minus-1.sym, 12V-plus-1.sym, 9V-plus-1.sym, etc... which have the appropriate **''net=''** attribute in them already (can be overridden though). You can use these symbol as examples of how to use the **''net=''** attribute.\\
You can have as many **''net=''** attributes as you want. Just remember that **''net=''** attributes attached to the outside of a symbol override any equivalent internal (inside the symbol) **''net=''** attributes. If you run into a case where this doesn't work, please [[howto report bugs|report a bug]].

===== Caveats / Bugs =====
The **''net=''** attribute/mechanism is fairly new, so there are bound to be bugs (many bugs). Here are some of the identified issues:
  * As of 19991011 almost all of the symbols in the standard library do not have the **''net=''** attribute or any other power/ground specifiers. Hopefully this will be updated sometime (any volunteers?).
  * Attach a special power symbol (vcc/gnd) to a already named net will alias (rename) that net to the signalname specified in the **''net=''** attribute (in/attached to the vcc/gnd symbol). You can override this (so the reverse is true) by playing with the "net-naming-priority". Be careful with this. There might be other "aliasing" issues which have not been identified yet.
  * Creating a **''net=''** attribute which associates a signal name with a pin which is already visible on the symbol, is probably a bad idea. This does work, but all the ramifications have not been explored yet.
  * It is probably a bad idea to have the same **''net=''** attribute attached several times. Ales has not formalized what happens in this case. Just remember that the **''net=''** attribute on the outside of a symbol should override the internal one.

===== Example =====
Here's a schematic which uses standard symbols (note: the 7400 does not have the **''net=''** attribute inside yet). This schematic consists of a 7400 with the **''net=''** attributes attached for power and ground, One of the input pins grounded using a gnd symbol and the other at a logic one using the vcc symbol (with an attached **''net=''** attribute). One of the input net is named, but as you will see, the netname is replaced by the **''net=''** signal name (see above for more info on this). The output is pulled up with a pull up resistor which has power specified using the +5V symbol.\\

| {{:geda:net.jpg}} |

<code>v 19991011
C 38700 58100 1 0 0 7400-1.sym
{
T 39000 59000 5 10 1 1 0
uref=U100
T 38900 59500 5 10 1 1 0
net=GND:7
T 38900 59300 5 10 1 1 0
net=+5V:14
}
N 38700 58800 37400 58800 4
{
T 37600 58900 5 10 1 1 0
netname=NETLABEL
}
N 37400 58800 37400 59200 4
N 38700 58400 37400 58400 4
N 37400 58000 37400 58400 4
C 37300 57700 1 0 0 gnd-1.sym
C 37200 59200 1 0 0 vcc-1.sym
{
T 36800 59200 5 10 1 1 0
net=+5V:1
}
N 40000 58600 41600 58600 4
{
T 41200 58700 5 10 1 1 0
netname=OUTPUT
}
C 40700 58800 1 90 0 resistor-1.sym
{
T 40800 59200 5 10 1 1 0
uref=R1
}
N 40600 58800 40600 58600 4
N 40600 59900 40600 59700 4
C 40400 59900 1 0 0 5V-plus-1.sym</code>

**gnetlist** (using the geda netlist format) run using this sample schematic outputs this:
<code>START header

gEDA's netlist format
Created specifically for testing of gnetlist

END header

START components

R1 device=RESISTOR
U100 device=7400

END components

START renamed-nets

NETLABEL -> +5V

END renamed-nets

START nets

+5V : R1 2, U100 14, U100 1
GND : U100 7, U100 2
OUTPUT : R1 1, U100 3

END nets</code>

Notice how NETLABEL was renamed (aliased to the +5V net).

===== Final notes =====
If you found a bug, please [[howto report bugs|let us know]].