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+ | ====== GNU Free Documentation License ====== | ||
+ | <code> GNU Free Documentation License | ||
+ | Version 1.2, November 2002 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | ||
+ | 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA | ||
+ | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | ||
+ | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 0. PREAMBLE | ||
+ | |||
+ | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | ||
+ | functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to | ||
+ | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, | ||
+ | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. | ||
+ | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way | ||
+ | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible | ||
+ | for modifications made by others. | ||
+ | |||
+ | This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative | ||
+ | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It | ||
+ | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | ||
+ | license designed for free software. | ||
+ | |||
+ | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | ||
+ | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | ||
+ | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | ||
+ | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | ||
+ | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | ||
+ | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | ||
+ | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | ||
+ | |||
+ | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that | ||
+ | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be | ||
+ | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a | ||
+ | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that | ||
+ | work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, | ||
+ | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a | ||
+ | licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you | ||
+ | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission | ||
+ | under copyright law. | ||
+ | |||
+ | A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the | ||
+ | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | ||
+ | modifications and/or translated into another language. | ||
+ | |||
+ | A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of | ||
+ | the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | ||
+ | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject | ||
+ | (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly | ||
+ | within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a | ||
+ | textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any | ||
+ | mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | ||
+ | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | ||
+ | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | ||
+ | them. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | ||
+ | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | ||
+ | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a | ||
+ | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not | ||
+ | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero | ||
+ | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant | ||
+ | Sections then there are none. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, | ||
+ | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | ||
+ | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may | ||
+ | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. | ||
+ | |||
+ | A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | ||
+ | represented in a format whose specification is available to the | ||
+ | general public, that is suitable for revising the document | ||
+ | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of | ||
+ | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | ||
+ | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | ||
+ | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | ||
+ | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | ||
+ | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart | ||
+ | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. | ||
+ | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount | ||
+ | of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". | ||
+ | |||
+ | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | ||
+ | ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML | ||
+ | or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple | ||
+ | HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of | ||
+ | transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats | ||
+ | include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by | ||
+ | proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or | ||
+ | processing tools are not generally available, and the | ||
+ | machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word | ||
+ | processors for output purposes only. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | ||
+ | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | ||
+ | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | ||
+ | formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means | ||
+ | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | ||
+ | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | ||
+ | |||
+ | A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose | ||
+ | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following | ||
+ | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a | ||
+ | specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", | ||
+ | "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" | ||
+ | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a | ||
+ | section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which | ||
+ | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty | ||
+ | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this | ||
+ | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other | ||
+ | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has | ||
+ | no effect on the meaning of this License. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 2. VERBATIM COPYING | ||
+ | |||
+ | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | ||
+ | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | ||
+ | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | ||
+ | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | ||
+ | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | ||
+ | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | ||
+ | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | ||
+ | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | ||
+ | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | ||
+ | |||
+ | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | ||
+ | you may publicly display copies. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have | ||
+ | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the | ||
+ | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the | ||
+ | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | ||
+ | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on | ||
+ | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | ||
+ | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | ||
+ | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | ||
+ | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | ||
+ | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | ||
+ | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | ||
+ | as verbatim copying in other respects. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | ||
+ | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | ||
+ | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | ||
+ | pages. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | ||
+ | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | ||
+ | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | ||
+ | a computer-network location from which the general network-using | ||
+ | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols | ||
+ | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. | ||
+ | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, | ||
+ | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure | ||
+ | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated | ||
+ | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an | ||
+ | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that | ||
+ | edition to the public. | ||
+ | |||
+ | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | ||
+ | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | ||
+ | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 4. MODIFICATIONS | ||
+ | |||
+ | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | ||
+ | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | ||
+ | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | ||
+ | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | ||
+ | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | ||
+ | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | ||
+ | |||
+ | A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | ||
+ | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | ||
+ | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | ||
+ | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | ||
+ | if the original publisher of that version gives permission. | ||
+ | B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | ||
+ | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | ||
+ | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | ||
+ | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), | ||
+ | unless they release you from this requirement. | ||
+ | C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the | ||
+ | Modified Version, as the publisher. | ||
+ | D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. | ||
+ | E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | ||
+ | adjacent to the other copyright notices. | ||
+ | F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | ||
+ | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | ||
+ | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. | ||
+ | G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | ||
+ | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. | ||
+ | H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. | ||
+ | I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add | ||
+ | to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and | ||
+ | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If | ||
+ | there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one | ||
+ | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as | ||
+ | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | ||
+ | Version as stated in the previous sentence. | ||
+ | J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | ||
+ | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | ||
+ | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | ||
+ | it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. | ||
+ | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | ||
+ | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | ||
+ | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. | ||
+ | K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", | ||
+ | Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all | ||
+ | the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements | ||
+ | and/or dedications given therein. | ||
+ | L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | ||
+ | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | ||
+ | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. | ||
+ | M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section | ||
+ | may not be included in the Modified Version. | ||
+ | N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" | ||
+ | or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. | ||
+ | O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | ||
+ | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | ||
+ | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | ||
+ | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | ||
+ | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | ||
+ | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | ||
+ | |||
+ | You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains | ||
+ | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various | ||
+ | parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | ||
+ | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | ||
+ | standard. | ||
+ | |||
+ | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | ||
+ | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | ||
+ | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | ||
+ | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | ||
+ | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | ||
+ | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | ||
+ | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | ||
+ | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | ||
+ | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | ||
+ | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | ||
+ | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS | ||
+ | |||
+ | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | ||
+ | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | ||
+ | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | ||
+ | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | ||
+ | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | ||
+ | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | ||
+ | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | ||
+ | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | ||
+ | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | ||
+ | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | ||
+ | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | ||
+ | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | ||
+ | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" | ||
+ | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled | ||
+ | "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", | ||
+ | and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections | ||
+ | Entitled "Endorsements". | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | ||
+ | |||
+ | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | ||
+ | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | ||
+ | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | ||
+ | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | ||
+ | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | ||
+ | |||
+ | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | ||
+ | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | ||
+ | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | ||
+ | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | ||
+ | |||
+ | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | ||
+ | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | ||
+ | distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright | ||
+ | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights | ||
+ | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. | ||
+ | When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not | ||
+ | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves | ||
+ | derivative works of the Document. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | ||
+ | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of | ||
+ | the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | ||
+ | covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the | ||
+ | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. | ||
+ | Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole | ||
+ | aggregate. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 8. TRANSLATION | ||
+ | |||
+ | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | ||
+ | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | ||
+ | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | ||
+ | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | ||
+ | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | ||
+ | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | ||
+ | translation of this License, and all the license notices in the | ||
+ | Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include | ||
+ | the original English version of this License and the original versions | ||
+ | of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between | ||
+ | the translation and the original version of this License or a notice | ||
+ | or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", | ||
+ | "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve | ||
+ | its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual | ||
+ | title. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 9. TERMINATION | ||
+ | |||
+ | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except | ||
+ | as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to | ||
+ | copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will | ||
+ | automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, | ||
+ | parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this | ||
+ | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | ||
+ | parties remain in full compliance. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | ||
+ | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | ||
+ | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | ||
+ | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | ||
+ | http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | ||
+ | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | ||
+ | License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of | ||
+ | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | ||
+ | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | ||
+ | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | ||
+ | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | ||
+ | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents | ||
+ | |||
+ | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | ||
+ | the License in the document and put the following copyright and | ||
+ | license notices just after the title page: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. | ||
+ | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | ||
+ | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 | ||
+ | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; | ||
+ | with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. | ||
+ | A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU | ||
+ | Free Documentation License". | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, | ||
+ | replace the "with...Texts." line with this: | ||
+ | |||
+ | with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the | ||
+ | Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other | ||
+ | combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the | ||
+ | situation. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | ||
+ | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | ||
+ | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | ||
+ | to permit their use in free software. | ||
+ | </code> |